we recommendmangrove training as an effective way of increasing participation
in other areas of mangrove management. Participation in
mangrove activities was greater by those respondents with
higher total monthly income (TIN). This result is expected
because people who have higher income might have fewer
concerns about their financial situation and also have more
time available to participate in mangrove activities. This
supports the concept of ‘‘people first and sustainable mangrove
forest management will follow’’ (Melana, Melana, and Mapalo,
2000).