Weobtainedtriplicategrowthcurvesforeachoftheevolvedbacterialpopulationsinfected with their co-resident phage (treatments N, L, and M; see Fig. 3). We also assayed the uninfected ancestor E.coli (n=6), the ancestor infected with the ancestral M13 phage (n=5),andthebacteriaevolvedintheabsenceofphage(Ucontrols)