CI has advocated measures on transparency of pricing and the application of competition policy and law to correct present imbalances.14 For example, we have said there is a need to explore whether or not the current licensing and regulatory frameworks could be modified to allow new remittance actors in, be it microfinance institutions, cooperatives or telecoms operators, whilst taking the necessary precautions to assure this does not pose a risk to the financial system. This process should include investigation of measures to enable increased competition from telecoms, such as allowing telecoms to have direct access to clearing systems and foreign exchange licences, such that international person-to-person transfers can occur with mobile-phone technology and without mediation through money transfer companies.