After addition of infective juveniles, the petri dishes were covered, sealed with strips of para®lm, and incu-bated at 25°C. After 24 h, the petri dishes were unsealed and dry vermiculite was sprinkled over the pupae. The closed dishes were maintained at the same temperature and 55±60% relative humidity for 7 days. Then 10 puparia were collected at random from each dish and dissected to determine pupal mortality and the presence of nematodes.