VII.CONCLUSIONS This paper has developed a practical battery charger circuit with a buck ZCS PWM converter to improve the efficiency and performance of battery chargers. The charging experimental results on a lead-acid battery demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology showing that the two switches in the presented novel charger are indeed operated under zero-current-switching. Constant-frequency operation, resonance time reduction, small components and small circuit volumes can thus be achieved. The large working temperature reduction of the switches, significant heat loss reduction and substantial charging efficiency promotion are achieved by lowering the resonant time. Based on the charging efficiency curve, the overall mean charging efficiency attained 90.5% outstanding performance, high speed charging, and precise operations.