LEVELS OF CURRICULUM
Educators—as well as laypersons—sometimes refer to the different levels of
curriculum interchangeably, provoking a situation that can lead to confusion about
the meaning of curriculum. As used here, the term levels of curriculum refers to the
degree of remoteness from the students for whom the curricula were planned.
Levels of curriculum based on the account of Goodlad and Su (1992) include
societal, institutional, instructional, and experiential curricula.
• The societal level is curriculum farthest removed from learners and is designed
by the public, including politicians, representatives of special interest groups,
administrators at different levels, and professional specialists. Using sociopolitical
processes, these groups often decide the goals, the topics to be studied, the time to
be spent, and the materials to be used.
• Institutional curricula serve schools and are derived largely from societal
curricula with modifications by local educators and laypersons. This curriculum is
commonly organized according to subjects and includes the topics and themes to be
studied. Institutional curricula include the district or school ' s written documents
containing standards, philosophies, lesson plans, and guides. Sometimes this
curriculum, also called the explicit curriculum, is the target of reform efforts.
• The instructional curriculum refers to the one that teachers plan and deliver in
schools. Teachers base instructional curricula on what has been determined as
necessary or desirable for their school by school authorities. As expected, however,
this curriculum takes on the individual teacher ' s priorities, views of education, and
style and is also subject to reform and criticism. An instructional curriculum that is
actually used in a classroom often varies from the planned curriculum, however,
because of student responses or other unforeseen circumstances.
• Finally, the experiential curriculum is the one perceived and experienced by
students. What is experienced differs from one student to the next because students
have different backgrounds, motivations, and levels of aspirations, to name just a
few differences. For example, some students form similar purposes for learning
experiences to those held by their teachers, but other students hold very different
purposes or no purpose at all. Therefore, the experiential curriculum is the one
internalized and made personal by learners
LEVELS OF CURRICULUMEducators—as well as laypersons—sometimes refer to the different levels ofcurriculum interchangeably, provoking a situation that can lead to confusion aboutthe meaning of curriculum. As used here, the term levels of curriculum refers to thedegree of remoteness from the students for whom the curricula were planned.Levels of curriculum based on the account of Goodlad and Su (1992) includesocietal, institutional, instructional, and experiential curricula.• The societal level is curriculum farthest removed from learners and is designedby the public, including politicians, representatives of special interest groups,administrators at different levels, and professional specialists. Using sociopoliticalprocesses, these groups often decide the goals, the topics to be studied, the time tobe spent, and the materials to be used.• Institutional curricula serve schools and are derived largely from societalcurricula with modifications by local educators and laypersons. This curriculum iscommonly organized according to subjects and includes the topics and themes to bestudied. Institutional curricula include the district or school ' s written documentscontaining standards, philosophies, lesson plans, and guides. Sometimes thiscurriculum, also called the explicit curriculum, is the target of reform efforts.• The instructional curriculum refers to the one that teachers plan and deliver inschools. Teachers base instructional curricula on what has been determined asnecessary or desirable for their school by school authorities. As expected, however,this curriculum takes on the individual teacher ' s priorities, views of education, andstyle and is also subject to reform and criticism. An instructional curriculum that isactually used in a classroom often varies from the planned curriculum, however,because of student responses or other unforeseen circumstances.• Finally, the experiential curriculum is the one perceived and experienced bystudents. What is experienced differs from one student to the next because studentshave different backgrounds, motivations, and levels of aspirations, to name just afew differences. For example, some students form similar purposes for learningexperiences to those held by their teachers, but other students hold very differentpurposes or no purpose at all. Therefore, the experiential curriculum is the oneinternalized and made personal by learners
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LEVELS OF CURRICULUM
Educators—as well as laypersons—sometimes refer to the different levels of
curriculum interchangeably, provoking a situation that can lead to confusion about
the meaning of curriculum. As used here, the term levels of curriculum refers to the
degree of remoteness from the students for whom the curricula were planned.
Levels of curriculum based on the account of Goodlad and Su (1992) include
societal, institutional, instructional, and experiential curricula.
• The societal level is curriculum farthest removed from learners and is designed
by the public, including politicians, representatives of special interest groups,
administrators at different levels, and professional specialists. Using sociopolitical
processes, these groups often decide the goals, the topics to be studied, the time to
be spent, and the materials to be used.
• Institutional curricula serve schools and are derived largely from societal
curricula with modifications by local educators and laypersons. This curriculum is
commonly organized according to subjects and includes the topics and themes to be
studied. Institutional curricula include the district or school ' s written documents
containing standards, philosophies, lesson plans, and guides. Sometimes this
curriculum, also called the explicit curriculum, is the target of reform efforts.
• The instructional curriculum refers to the one that teachers plan and deliver in
schools. Teachers base instructional curricula on what has been determined as
necessary or desirable for their school by school authorities. As expected, however,
this curriculum takes on the individual teacher ' s priorities, views of education, and
style and is also subject to reform and criticism. An instructional curriculum that is
actually used in a classroom often varies from the planned curriculum, however,
because of student responses or other unforeseen circumstances.
• Finally, the experiential curriculum is the one perceived and experienced by
students. What is experienced differs from one student to the next because students
have different backgrounds, motivations, and levels of aspirations, to name just a
few differences. For example, some students form similar purposes for learning
experiences to those held by their teachers, but other students hold very different
purposes or no purpose at all. Therefore, the experiential curriculum is the one
internalized and made personal by learners
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