Weber, like Durkheim, saw constitutive connections between economic forms and cultural forms. In contrast to Marx, who, as we shall see in Chapter 7, saw the economic system of a society as determining other cultural subsystems, Weber looked at the connection between culture and economy the other way round, and in his famous work, The Protestant Ethic and the spirit of Capitalism (1930, originally published in 1905), he explored the reasons why capitalism had arisen in the societies of north¬ern Europe rather than elsewhere He found his answer in the religious beliefs of the capitalist countries: Protestantism, he said, had a positive attitude to the accumulation of wealth by individuals and their families, and it encouraged individual achievement rather than sacrifice on behalf of the wider community. Weber sees, as do Durkheim and Marx, that once an economic system has developed, it then influences other social for-mations. In his other major work, Economy and Society (1978, originally published in 1920), he looks at the types of social institution that will best serve a modern capitalist state. It is his descriptions of modern forms of authority and rationality that have been most fruitful for the sociology of punishment.