Unique ecological conditions exist during propagation. Commerc propagators may have to compromise to obtain an"average environment which a whole range of species are propagated either by cuttings, seed, and tissue culture explants(69). The environmental conditions that are optim for plant propagation are frequently conducive for pests(pathogenic fun viruses, bacteria, insect, and mite development). Astute propagators not or manage the environment during propagation, but also manipulate the en ronment of stock plants prior to selecting propagules, such as shading stooling to maximize rooting potential of a propagule; and post propagatior hardening-off(weaning rooted cuttings from the mist system and chang fertility regimes) to assure growth and survival of tender-rooted liner pla after propagation.