The empirical results reveal an inverse relationship between capital structure and the strength of shareholder rights. Debt seems to help mitigate agency costs in firms where shareholder rights are restricted. In these firms, the debt ratio is positively related to the degree of restrictiveness of corporate governance - the more suppressive the governance, the weaker the shareholder rights and the higher the debt ratio. Further analysis indicates that regulation substitutes for shareholder rights to reduce agency costs. Specifically, there appears to be no relationship between leverage and shareholder rights in regulated firms. We argue that this is the case because regulation already allays agency costs (Kole and Lehn, 1997), hence, the role of debt in mitigating agency problems is less
necessary in regulated firms. Regulation and debt seem to substitute for each other in controlling agency costs
The empirical results reveal an inverse relationship between capital structure and the strength of shareholder rights. Debt seems to help mitigate agency costs in firms where shareholder rights are restricted. In these firms, the debt ratio is positively related to the degree of restrictiveness of corporate governance - the more suppressive the governance, the weaker the shareholder rights and the higher the debt ratio. Further analysis indicates that regulation substitutes for shareholder rights to reduce agency costs. Specifically, there appears to be no relationship between leverage and shareholder rights in regulated firms. We argue that this is the case because regulation already allays agency costs (Kole and Lehn, 1997), hence, the role of debt in mitigating agency problems is lessnecessary in regulated firms. Regulation and debt seem to substitute for each other in controlling agency costs
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