The greater effect evidenced by the grape seed extracts could
also be explained by a synergistic effect of the various molecules
present in each fraction. An analogous behavior on the activity
of ACE was referred by Persson, Dong, and Persson (2005), who
studied the combination of low non-effective concentrations of
ginseng (0.1 mg/mL) with enalaprilat (1011 mol/L), another ACE
inhibitor. Results showed a significant reduction of ACE activity
in human cultured endothelial cells from umbilical cords
(HUVEC) in relation to that measured with enalaprilat alone,
specifically from 5.5 to nearly 2 mmol/(L min). It is worth noting
that the procyanidins extracts were characterized by the average
degree of polymerization, which allowed us to draw some
conclusions that corroborate other studies reported in the
literature. However, the number of monomers does not define
uniquely the specificity of ACE inhibition. The way how the
monomeric units are bound should also be considered, as
Ottaviani et al. (2006) showed that the different structural isomers
of ()-epicatechin dimers had completely different effects
upon the activity of ACE
The greater effect evidenced by the grape seed extracts couldalso be explained by a synergistic effect of the various moleculespresent in each fraction. An analogous behavior on the activityof ACE was referred by Persson, Dong, and Persson (2005), whostudied the combination of low non-effective concentrations ofginseng (0.1 mg/mL) with enalaprilat (1011 mol/L), another ACEinhibitor. Results showed a significant reduction of ACE activityin human cultured endothelial cells from umbilical cords(HUVEC) in relation to that measured with enalaprilat alone,specifically from 5.5 to nearly 2 mmol/(L min). It is worth notingthat the procyanidins extracts were characterized by the averagedegree of polymerization, which allowed us to draw someconclusions that corroborate other studies reported in theliterature. However, the number of monomers does not defineuniquely the specificity of ACE inhibition. The way how themonomeric units are bound should also be considered, asOttaviani et al. (2006) showed that the different structural isomersof ()-epicatechin dimers had completely different effectsupon the activity of ACE
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