were assigned to aromatic structures. Aromatic ring-joining methylene protons, so called HF, were observed in the bio-oil and their characteristic peaks are in the range of 3.0 and 4.0 ppm. bCH3, CH2, CHg or further from an aromatic ring protons (centered at 1.25 ppm) were indicated in the bio-oil. Moreover CH3, CH2 and CH protons a to an aromatic ring were present in the highest proportion in the bio-oil. The protons in the a and b positions to an aromatic ring (Ha and Hb) were indicated as the majority in the bio-oils of safflower seed press cake (SPC)