carboxylicfunctionalized silica nanoparticle (SiO2–COOH) self-assembly film formed on silicon wafer, and the silicon surface was terminated with carboxyl group (Si–COOH).
carboxylicfunctionalizedsilica nanoparticle (SiO2–COOH) self-assemblyfilm formed on silicon wafer, and the silicon surface was terminatedwith carboxyl group (Si–COOH).