The semicircle of rock inside the doorsill remind the viewer to abandon sin.[b] Furthermore the viewer is reminded to reach a full understanding of the significance of the event, achieved with the two groupings of shepherds at the rear of the shed. Two of the four are active and two are passive. The man dressed in blue on the left is listening; the man in blue to the right is seeing, while their counterparts in red do neither. Although actively looking and listening, the two men in blue do not appear to have a full understanding of the event.[28] Upton explains the medieval viewer would have understood that in the iconography Christus presented "man who would listen without hearing, and look without seeing." The viewer is reminded to comprehend the painting's vision and iconography, to fully recognize the significance of Christ's coming, to hear and see the word of God, and to obey God's wishes.[13]
The tuft of grass sprouting from the roof's central truss above the holy figures and infant's body conveys multiple meanings. Although the shrub is naturally rendered, Christus almost certainly placed it there for its symbolic value; its positioning suggests he followed a program of disguised iconography.[29] The most obvious meaning is of new life and new beginnings.[30] On a secular level, the shrub may have indicated Christus's membership in the Confraternity of the Dry Tree, which he joined sometime around 1462–63.[31][c] The confraternity was prestigious, including among its ranks Burgundian nobility, such as Philip the Good and his wife Isabella, wealthy foreign merchants and members from Bruges's upper classes.[32] The tuft of grass also symbolizes the tree of life,[29] and Upton theorizes that by placing it there, Christus "has given expression to the legend" of Adam's third son, Seth, whose quest for a branch was a popular legend in the medieval period. Furthermore it conveys allusions to Moses and the burning bush. According to Upton, in Christus's Nativity Joseph assumes Moses's role of protector and law-bringer; just as Joseph has removed his pattens in the presence of Christ, similarly Moses removed his shoes in the presence of the bush.[30]
The setting is intended to represent the Mass – the angels are clothed in Eucharistic vestments, with those on the far right dressed in a deacon's cope.[10] None wear the celebrant's chasuble, suggesting Christ is the priest.[2] The shed roof is a ciborium over an altar. A later addition to the painting, added perhaps in the 17th century, and since removed, was a gold paten on which the infant lay, clearly showing Jesus as the Eucharistic host.[11] Mary, Joseph and the angels are the first to worship the infant Christ and the shed "becomes the altar of the first mass".[33] Upton explains that when viewed in the context of the first mass the iconography is more clearly defined.[34]
The semicircle of rock inside the doorsill remind the viewer to abandon sin.[b] Furthermore the viewer is reminded to reach a full understanding of the significance of the event, achieved with the two groupings of shepherds at the rear of the shed. Two of the four are active and two are passive. The man dressed in blue on the left is listening; the man in blue to the right is seeing, while their counterparts in red do neither. Although actively looking and listening, the two men in blue do not appear to have a full understanding of the event.[28] Upton explains the medieval viewer would have understood that in the iconography Christus presented "man who would listen without hearing, and look without seeing." The viewer is reminded to comprehend the painting's vision and iconography, to fully recognize the significance of Christ's coming, to hear and see the word of God, and to obey God's wishes.[13]
The tuft of grass sprouting from the roof's central truss above the holy figures and infant's body conveys multiple meanings. Although the shrub is naturally rendered, Christus almost certainly placed it there for its symbolic value; its positioning suggests he followed a program of disguised iconography.[29] The most obvious meaning is of new life and new beginnings.[30] On a secular level, the shrub may have indicated Christus's membership in the Confraternity of the Dry Tree, which he joined sometime around 1462–63.[31][c] The confraternity was prestigious, including among its ranks Burgundian nobility, such as Philip the Good and his wife Isabella, wealthy foreign merchants and members from Bruges's upper classes.[32] The tuft of grass also symbolizes the tree of life,[29] and Upton theorizes that by placing it there, Christus "has given expression to the legend" of Adam's third son, Seth, whose quest for a branch was a popular legend in the medieval period. Furthermore it conveys allusions to Moses and the burning bush. According to Upton, in Christus's Nativity Joseph assumes Moses's role of protector and law-bringer; just as Joseph has removed his pattens in the presence of Christ, similarly Moses removed his shoes in the presence of the bush.[30]
The setting is intended to represent the Mass – the angels are clothed in Eucharistic vestments, with those on the far right dressed in a deacon's cope.[10] None wear the celebrant's chasuble, suggesting Christ is the priest.[2] The shed roof is a ciborium over an altar. A later addition to the painting, added perhaps in the 17th century, and since removed, was a gold paten on which the infant lay, clearly showing Jesus as the Eucharistic host.[11] Mary, Joseph and the angels are the first to worship the infant Christ and the shed "becomes the altar of the first mass".[33] Upton explains that when viewed in the context of the first mass the iconography is more clearly defined.[34]
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