It was noticed that the 5 % MD additive soil mixture had the highest strength and gave pH results with flocculated mixtures. XRD and XRF experiments showed that CaO increased with the addition of MD.
• According to unconfined compression test results, the strength of the 5 % MD soil mixture had the highest strength value. Consequently, it was observed that 5 % MD additive in soil gave the most effective result.
• The unconfined compression strength of the soil specimens was increased due to prolonged curing time.
• The use of MD as the filler material in concrete production decreased the workability of fresh concrete and increased the water requirement of the concrete mixtures. However, the use of plasticizers in concrete mixtures can reduce this detrimental effect.
• According to the physical and mechanical concrete test results, the use of 5 % MD improved the properties of
concrete due to the reduced porous structure. However, the use of higher MD ratios decreased the compressive
strength of concrete specimens depending on the increased water–cement ratio of the concrete mixture.
• It can be suggested that according to mechanical and microstructure analyses, the optimum usage of MD in
soil improvement and concrete production is 5 % against fine aggregate.
• The use of waste materials in the construction industry will help to decrease environmental pollution and economic costs. Thus, the utilization of MD in soil improvement and concrete production has the potential to be highly beneficial for sustainable construction technologies