Considering the high capital cost involved in new generation “clean technologies” developing countries like
India having an abundance of cheap fossil fuel reserves have to give a major thrust to improvement in fossil-fired
power technologies. Steam turbine based generating plants form the backbone of power generation in many
countries in our country too, Base load is presently largely generated by fossil fuel based power plants. Most of
these plants employ sub-critical coal fired boilers driving steam turbines to generate power. The adoption of
“Supercritical cycles” for thermal plants on a wide scale has the ability to improve overall system efficiency, as well
as provide benefits of lower emissions both on land & in air. Steam cycles for supercritical application operate at
very high pressure & temperatures; these are thus characterized by features that take full advantage of the advanced
parameters like higher expansion in turbines, more stages of feed heating & higher input levels to boilers,
contributing to higher system efficiency. All the components of the cycle are optimally designed to take advantages
of these elevated parameters. Additionally, these cycles are built considering large size machines to take full
advantage of economies of scale, thus reducing “Footprint” per MW generated. All of these contribute to lower land
& water use, less consumption of coal & reduced wastes & emissions. The paper deals with the design of these
cycles in detail in addition to comparing them to the existing sub critical cycles, highlighting areas of improvement.
Considering the high capital cost involved in new generation “clean technologies” developing countries likeIndia having an abundance of cheap fossil fuel reserves have to give a major thrust to improvement in fossil-firedpower technologies. Steam turbine based generating plants form the backbone of power generation in manycountries in our country too, Base load is presently largely generated by fossil fuel based power plants. Most ofthese plants employ sub-critical coal fired boilers driving steam turbines to generate power. The adoption of“Supercritical cycles” for thermal plants on a wide scale has the ability to improve overall system efficiency, as wellas provide benefits of lower emissions both on land & in air. Steam cycles for supercritical application operate atvery high pressure & temperatures; these are thus characterized by features that take full advantage of the advancedparameters like higher expansion in turbines, more stages of feed heating & higher input levels to boilers,contributing to higher system efficiency. All the components of the cycle are optimally designed to take advantagesof these elevated parameters. Additionally, these cycles are built considering large size machines to take fulladvantage of economies of scale, thus reducing “Footprint” per MW generated. All of these contribute to lower land& water use, less consumption of coal & reduced wastes & emissions. The paper deals with the design of thesecycles in detail in addition to comparing them to the existing sub critical cycles, highlighting areas of improvement.
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