Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral infectious disease
caused by Streptococcus mutans with a high socioeconomic impact
and it forms one of the most complicated biofilm systems in nature
[1]. Bacterial biofilms formed on surfaces are biological phenomena
that are associated with many infections in humans, including
diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, infective endocarditis,
and a number of nosocomial infections [2]. Biofilm matrices are
rich in polysaccharides synthesised by glucosyltransferases (GTFs)
B, C and D that provide specific binding sites for bacterial
colonisation on the tooth surface and binding to each other [3]. The
elevated amount of exopolysaccharides (EPS) increases biofilm
stability and structural integrity and provides protection to the
bacteria from hostile influences of antimicrobials and other
environmental assaults [4]. Persistence of the acidic environment
leads to the selection of these highly acid-tolerant bacteria, which
results in the dissolution of enamel, thus initiating the dental caries
process