In order to reduce CPA toxicity without affecting cryoprotective capacity, relatively low concentrations of different CPA can be combined to obtain a vitrifiable concentration of total solutes (Wusteman et al., 2004) and decrease the specific toxicity
of individual CPA (Vajta and Nagy, 2006). Another advantage of this approach is that the permeability of these
CPA mixtures is higher than that of individual CPA (Vicente and Garcia-Ximenez, 1994), so in such combinations, at
least one CPA should be permeable, even if the others are not