with the goal of decreasing their ED use. Masterson and Wilson
(2012) concluded that a proactive pain care management program
that includes coordination of both primary care provider and a
supportive medical staff can assist those patients who frequently
use emergency department for chronic pain-related complaints. The
authors found that ED visits by frequent users were reduced by 77%
because of a pain care management program. The most common
pain management interventions were narcotic restriction (65%), establishing
a nonnarcotic treatment regimen (57%), and enacting a
“1 pharmacy/1 provider” restriction (23%).