The adverse effects of thetransfatty acids on the ratio
of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are double that of saturated fatty acids (Fritsche &
Steinhart, 1997; Litin & Sacks, 1993). Some epidemiological studies have also found a positive association
between levels oftrans fatty acid intake and the risk of
cardiovascular disease. In part, due to these concerns,
the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the
World Health organization (WHO) recommended in