Both Lancaster and Livingstone reported that
there was a clear pattern of dynamism across the
dunes, such that there was very little activity on the
lower slopes of the dunes but much greater activity
at the crest (Fig. 4). Further, Livingstone has been
able to provide a record of change at Visitors’ Dune
and Warsaw covering more than three decades:
Fig. 5 includes previously unpublished data from
surveys in 2008 and 2012. This record confirms
that the base of the dune is largely static but that
there are considerable changes to the crest of the
dune, apparently driven, at least in part, by variability
in the wind climate (Livingstone 2003).