The methodological quality of each of the 22 articles was evaluated independently by the two reviewers and consensus was reached via discussion for any discrepancies. Observational studies
were evaluated with the STROBE criteria [12]: (1) Title/abstract; Introduction: (2) background, (3) objectives; Methods: (4) study design, (5) setting, (6) inclusion criteria, (7) variables, (8) data sources, (9) bias, (10) study size, (11) quantitative variables, (12) statistical methods; Results: (13) participants, (14) descriptive data, (15) outcome data, (16) main results, (17) other analysis; Discussion: (18) key results, (19) limitations, (20) interpretation and (21) generalizability; Other information: (22) funding [12].
Qualitative studies were evaluated with the following criteria: (1) Statement of the phenomenon of interest: Is the phenomenon of interest clearly identified? (2) Purpose: Is the purpose of the study clearly described? Is the significance of the work to nursing described? (3) Method: Is the method adequate to address the phenomenon of interest and is the study conducted according to a
specific approach of inquiry? (4) Sampling: Does the researcher describe the selection of participants? Is purposive sampling used? (5) Data collection: Is data collection focused on human experience? Is data collection strategy clearly described? Is protection of human participants addressed? (6) Data analysis: Are strategies to analyze data clearly described? Are strategies for analysis