Finally, why Ulaanbaatar indoor workers showed low
levels in these minerals as compared to outdoor workers, as
shown in Fig. (5), should be described. Most countryside
healthy subjects and the Ulaanbaatar outdoor workers spent
outdoors for long periods of time every day. Because minerals
were contained in wind-drifted soil at very high levels, it
is likely that they were highly exposed to the sandy wind
pollution. In contrast, the indoor workers were not so much
exposed, although they breathed the same air. In comparing
mineral levels between males and females, because males
may have been exposed to outdoor air pollution for a longer
time than females, males showed higher levels in Fe, Pb, Cd
and