N- methyl-N-nitro-N- nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
The carcinogen MNNG (Sigma-Chemical, St. Louis, MO) was used at a concentration of 200mg/kg body weight, and was orally administered to the rats daily for 2 weeks.
Hydroferrate fluid (MRN-100)
MRN-100 was prepared in distilled water (DW) with the concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions at about 2 × 10-12 mol/l. MRN-100 was obtained from a plant extract called phytosin. It contains iron and neutral lipid compounds and can be found in plants such as radish seeds, rice, and wheat. The extraction method of MRN-100 is as follows: Phytosin (1 unit) was dissolved in 100mL DW, and then FeCl3•6H2O was added. Subsequently, a liquid-liquid extraction technique was used to remove lipid compounds. This was followed by filtration of the remaining liquid using No. 5 filter paper. The filtrate was then evaporated and condensed in a water bath. In order to generate MRN-100, the iron compound obtained was subjected to fractional determination with respect to bivalent ferrate and trivalent ferrate. Hydroxylamine-HCl (10%) was added to the sample liquid to reduce Fe (III) to Fe (II). The o-phenanthrolin method was used to determine the quantity of Fe (II). Subsequently, all of the ferrate quantities were determined, as well as those of Fe (III). Finally, the obtained iron compounds were bivalent and trivalent ferrates (8). MRN-100 was provided by ACM Co., Ltd, Japan.