which is essentially the Darcy friction formula. Now if the exponent of Vo were 1, flow would be streamlined. Since the actual observed exponents or values of n and m are such that the exponent of Vo in equation 2.21 is between 1 and 2, the flow is probably a combination of streamlined and turbulent. Furthermore, if this were the case, material with small void spaces would have m values approaching 1.0. A review of the literature shows a tendency in this direction.