One issue of interest is whether some forms of stress have a greater effect than others, but little is yet known about this. A few studies have examined both prenatal anxiety and depression, and have found associations between both of them and child outcome [∗[9], [10]], Of course, anxiety and depression are quite strongly co-morbid, and it is hard to disentangle the effects of the two. It is possible that they can affect outcome but in somewhat different ways. Barker et al. [24] found that, in the prenatal and postnatal periods, maternal depression had a wider effect on different types of child maladjustment than maternal anxiety, which appeared more specific to internalising difficulties in the