All systems (mechanical, chemical, biological, physical) require a catalyst to start their activity.
Delegation = the catalyst that puts motion into a social system.
Delegation of authority = the main stem of formal authority centers has been emphasized. That scalar authority arrangement in a classical sense provides the means for effective delegation of authority, communication, and control.
Authority and Responsibility, coequal authority and responsibility are fair to individual leaders; it overlooks an even greater need by the overall enterprise for in equality in these factors.