Concerning the explanatory variables capturing household
characteristics, the motivation of nominal participation is higher
for farmers who tend to depend more on the forest than for nonfarmers.
Moreover, people with relatively small land holdings
have more incentive for nominal participation. Also, the number of
family members motivates a household to participate more at
nominal level. Here, note that the net effect is positive with an
increase in the number of female within a household. The coefficient
on nfe is significantly negative, i.e., 0:6693, however, the net
effect is positive, which should be measured by the coefficient on
fam minus coefficient on nfe, that is, 0.3691 (¼ 1:0384 0:6693).
This means that the effect of an increase in the number of female on
participation is weaker than that of an increase in the number of
male on participation
Concerning the explanatory variables capturing householdcharacteristics, the motivation of nominal participation is higherfor farmers who tend to depend more on the forest than for nonfarmers.Moreover, people with relatively small land holdingshave more incentive for nominal participation. Also, the number offamily members motivates a household to participate more atnominal level. Here, note that the net effect is positive with anincrease in the number of female within a household. The coefficienton nfe is significantly negative, i.e., 0:6693, however, the neteffect is positive, which should be measured by the coefficient onfam minus coefficient on nfe, that is, 0.3691 (¼ 1:0384 0:6693).This means that the effect of an increase in the number of female onparticipation is weaker than that of an increase in the number ofmale on participation
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