During HMT, the increase in rheological properties was attributed to the increase in cross-linking between starch chains.
This allowed the formation of more junction zones in the continuous phase of the gel,
resulting in an increase of gel hardness, final viscosity, setback, and storage modulus
In the case of ANN, temperature and time were the dominant
factors affecting gel hardness. The increase in crystalline
perfection of granules by the ANN technique affected starch gel
properties. Crystalline perfection resulted from an increase in
mobility of the amorphous part