Specialisation is related to division of labour, an important economic concept that was first described by the economist Adam Smith in the eighteenth century. During his observations at a pin factory Smith saw that when each worker performed a single specialized task-measuring wire, cutting wire, sharpening the point, giving it a head and so on-the output of the factory increased manifold as compared to when each worker produced pins independently.
Form his observations smith concluded that specialization allows workers to develop more skills at their specific task and also increases output, as workers do not lose time moving from one task to another. Moreover, workers who specialized at particular tasks were more likely to innovate to create tools or machinery that would increase their efficiency.