Garfinkel's study has much in common with the so-called 'labelling' perspective on deviance. Labelling theory proposes that being the recipient of a label as a criminal or other deviant has consequences for the labellee's future behaviour and self-perception, but the extent and direction of such consequences will depend on the degree to which the offender or deviant him/herself, and others who are significant (such as close relatives and friends) or powerful (such as judges able to commit the person to prison, or psychiatrists to an institution, or potential employers), as well as the general population, share the values implied by the label (see, for example, Matza 1964; Lemert 1967; Cicourel 1968; Rock 1973).