The two focus groups, each with six people, were conducted in Hamburg, Germany. Participants were identified by means of convenience sampling, so we placed postings in several widely frequented public locations in Hamburg. A compensation of €30 was offered as an incentive for participation. Potential participants applied by providing information about their age, sex, educational level, profession, and email address. The single exclusion criterion, an age below eighteen years, was established in order to ensure that participants were of an age to be buying groceries themselves. The aim of the focus groups was to test the predefined online questionnaire with a wide spectrum of people, although we did not strive for a representative set of participants but selected the participants based on the four variables of age, sex, educational level, profession and with the goal of acquiring a diverse spectrum of participants. Twelve participants (nine women and three men) were chosen and assigned to the two focus groups. Interviewees in the first group averaged thirty years of age, and those in the second group averaged forty-seven years of age. Each focus group lasted one hour. The interviewees signed an agreement to be audio-recorded, and the interviews were taped.
The online questionnaire was completed by 1051 men and women in November 2010. The survey was launched via the online fieldwork service provider Panelbiz GmbH, which offers an online access panel, the “German panel”, with more than 250,000 participants. A random sample of n > 1000 was drawn from this access panel that fulfilled the set quotas for age, gender, and federal state of residence in order to ensure a reasonably representative sample of the German population. Participants had to be age nineteen or older. Participants received points for participation in our online survey, which they could redeem for cash at Panelbiz GmbH. For a detailed view on the survey demographics, see Table 1. As the survey demographics reflect the overall German population, we consider the results of this survey to be representative of the views of the overall German population ( Destatis, 2014 and Max Rubner-Institute, 2008). Thus, validity of the survey can be assumed. All items on the online questionnaire were either derived from published questionnaires that had sufficient internal reliability (Cronbach’s α) or pretested for internal reliability. Hence, the survey’s reliability is assured based on its representative character and sufficient internal reliability. The four spheres of interest in the online survey were measured with a 7-point scale. In order to avoid information bias during the online questionnaire, the order in which the spheres of interest appeared was randomized, whereas the order of questions within the spheres of interest and the order of answers for each question remained the same. Participants were asked to fill out the survey without assistance. All answers were recorded and saved anonymously.
กลุ่มโฟกัสสอง ละหกคน ได้ดำเนินการในฮัมบูร์ก เยอรมนี ผู้เข้าร่วมได้ระบุ โดยสะดวกการสุ่มตัวอย่าง ดังนั้นเราวางลงในสถานสาธารณะ frequented แพร่หลายในฮัมบูร์ก ค่าตอบแทนของ €30 แนะนำเป็นสิ่งจูงใจสำหรับการเข้าร่วม ผู้เรียนอาจใช้ โดยการให้ข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับตนอายุ เพศ ระดับการศึกษา อาชีพ และอีเมล์ เกณฑ์แยกเดี่ยว อายุต่ำกว่าสิบแปดปี ก่อตั้งขึ้นเพื่อให้แน่ใจว่า ผู้เข้าร่วมได้อายุสามารถซื้ออาหารเอง จุดมุ่งหมายของกลุ่มเน้นการ ทดสอบแบบสอบถามออนไลน์ล่วงหน้ากับผู้คนหลากหลาย ถึงแม้ว่าเราไม่ได้มุ่งมั่นสำหรับตัวแทนการตั้งค่าของผู้เรียน แต่ผู้เรียนตามตัวแปรสี่ ของอายุ เพศ ระดับการศึกษา อาชีพ และเป้าหมายของสเปกตรัมที่มีความหลากหลายของผู้เรียนได้เลือกได้ สิบสองคน (ผู้หญิงเก้าและสามคน) ได้เลือก และกำหนดกลุ่มโฟกัสทั้งสอง Interviewees ในกลุ่มแรก averaged อายุ 30 ปี และในกลุ่มที่สอง averaged อายุ 47 ปี แต่ละกลุ่มมากินเวลาหนึ่งชั่วโมง Interviewees การลงนามข้อตกลงเพื่อให้บันทึกเสียง และการสัมภาษณ์ถูกฝาThe online questionnaire was completed by 1051 men and women in November 2010. The survey was launched via the online fieldwork service provider Panelbiz GmbH, which offers an online access panel, the “German panel”, with more than 250,000 participants. A random sample of n > 1000 was drawn from this access panel that fulfilled the set quotas for age, gender, and federal state of residence in order to ensure a reasonably representative sample of the German population. Participants had to be age nineteen or older. Participants received points for participation in our online survey, which they could redeem for cash at Panelbiz GmbH. For a detailed view on the survey demographics, see Table 1. As the survey demographics reflect the overall German population, we consider the results of this survey to be representative of the views of the overall German population ( Destatis, 2014 and Max Rubner-Institute, 2008). Thus, validity of the survey can be assumed. All items on the online questionnaire were either derived from published questionnaires that had sufficient internal reliability (Cronbach’s α) or pretested for internal reliability. Hence, the survey’s reliability is assured based on its representative character and sufficient internal reliability. The four spheres of interest in the online survey were measured with a 7-point scale. In order to avoid information bias during the online questionnaire, the order in which the spheres of interest appeared was randomized, whereas the order of questions within the spheres of interest and the order of answers for each question remained the same. Participants were asked to fill out the survey without assistance. All answers were recorded and saved anonymously.
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