This chapter is about controlling and improving environmental performance at the site or business unit level, and in particular about using formal management systems to do that. Drawing largely on experience in the UK, it begins by looking at the incentives for allocating resources to environmental management before describing the steps involved in putting an environmental management system in place. The benefits and drawbacks of various approaches are discussed and the pros and cons of external audit and certification to standards such as IS014001 and EMAS are considered. Some factors for successful implementation of an environmental management system in a food business are identified.