Controllability is one of the most important aspects of chemical process operability,
because it can be used to assess the attainable operation of a given process and
improve its dynamic performance. The purpose of this article is to outline the main
methodologies that have been developed to deal with the assessment of process controllability
and the improvement of its controllability characteristics. Several existing
controllability assessment methods are reviewed and discussed. For improving the controllability
characteristic of a process, there are two main design methods: the optimization-
based method and the controllability indices-based anticipating sequential
method. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed. It has been
emphasized that bifurcation analysis, as a powerful nonlinear analysis tool, could provide
important guidance for making processes more controllable by eliminating or
avoiding some undesirable behaviors of processes. Further challenges and developments
in the field of process controllability are identified. VVC 2010 American Institute of
Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 1185–1201, 2011
Keywords: controllability analysis, operability analysis, bifurcation analysis, process
design, optimization method
Controllability is one of the most important aspects of chemical process operability,
because it can be used to assess the attainable operation of a given process and
improve its dynamic performance. The purpose of this article is to outline the main
methodologies that have been developed to deal with the assessment of process controllability
and the improvement of its controllability characteristics. Several existing
controllability assessment methods are reviewed and discussed. For improving the controllability
characteristic of a process, there are two main design methods: the optimization-
based method and the controllability indices-based anticipating sequential
method. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed. It has been
emphasized that bifurcation analysis, as a powerful nonlinear analysis tool, could provide
important guidance for making processes more controllable by eliminating or
avoiding some undesirable behaviors of processes. Further challenges and developments
in the field of process controllability are identified. VVC 2010 American Institute of
Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 1185–1201, 2011
Keywords: controllability analysis, operability analysis, bifurcation analysis, process
design, optimization method
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