In this approach, children learn at their own pace through manipulation of objects.
As such, personal independence, self-discipline,and initiative are essential for
learning and motivation, with motivation purportedly fostered through interactions
in the environment. Harris and Callender (1995) contend that the emphasis on these aspects leads to “inner discipline.” In the Montessori approach,teachers do not “direct learning,” but respect the children’s efforts toward independent mastery. Instruction is based largely on sensory materials developed by Montessori