The Government of India’s 2008 National Action Plan on Climate Change demonstrates concern
about India’s vulnerability, given that its “economy [is] closely tied to its natural resource base
and climate-sensitive sectors”. (Government of India 2008: 1) Still, it recognizes that “India has a
wider spectrum of choice precisely because it is at an early stage of development,” thus
highlighting both the possibilities of technology leap-frogging and the perils of lock-in. India
believes that equity in mitigation implies equal per capita shares of the global atmospheric
commons. Hence, “India is determined that its per capita greenhouse gas emissions will at no
point exceed that of developed countries.” (2) This stance is consistent in principle with global
convergence of emissions levels at ca. 2t CO2e p.c., as is required in order to avoid warming in
excess of 2˚C. Implementing it effectively would likely have to imply India remaining
significantly below developing country emissions to avoid overshooting.
India’s Action Plan articulates a detailed and ambitious R&D agenda for green technologies.
Energy efficiency projects in industry and buildings offer major mitigation potential, with
projected sectoral emissions reductions by 2030 of 16% and 30-40% below BAU, respectively.
(19, 23) The Action Plan reports on steps toward implementing these measures, including
mandatory emissions audits in some industries, and a voluntary building efficiency code. It
discusses options for ambitious future policies, including carbon taxes as well as emission
intensity targets for large enterprises with a market for tradable permits.
Mitigation plans in power generation are ambitious, but an early expansion of coal plants is set to
dwarf projects on other sources of energy. Wider use of (ultra-) supercritical coal and IGCC
technology is acknowledged as paramount. (37f) Solar co-generation is expected to make a
significant contribution in heating and cooling applications, (22) and a recent draft for the
National Solar Mission initiative foresees installing 20GW of solar electricity generation capacity
by 2020, with early mandates for deployment to achieve scale and lower cost. (Government of
India, 2009a: 5) Nuclear energy is projected to take off at large scale in the long-run, after ca.
2030. (38) India has pledged to expand forest cover from 23% of its area to 33%.
The Government of India’s 2008 National Action Plan on Climate Change demonstrates concern about India’s vulnerability, given that its “economy [is] closely tied to its natural resource base and climate-sensitive sectors”. (Government of India 2008: 1) Still, it recognizes that “India has a wider spectrum of choice precisely because it is at an early stage of development,” thus highlighting both the possibilities of technology leap-frogging and the perils of lock-in. India believes that equity in mitigation implies equal per capita shares of the global atmospheric commons. Hence, “India is determined that its per capita greenhouse gas emissions will at no point exceed that of developed countries.” (2) This stance is consistent in principle with global convergence of emissions levels at ca. 2t CO2e p.c., as is required in order to avoid warming in excess of 2˚C. Implementing it effectively would likely have to imply India remaining significantly below developing country emissions to avoid overshooting. India’s Action Plan articulates a detailed and ambitious R&D agenda for green technologies. Energy efficiency projects in industry and buildings offer major mitigation potential, with projected sectoral emissions reductions by 2030 of 16% and 30-40% below BAU, respectively. (19, 23) The Action Plan reports on steps toward implementing these measures, including mandatory emissions audits in some industries, and a voluntary building efficiency code. It discusses options for ambitious future policies, including carbon taxes as well as emission intensity targets for large enterprises with a market for tradable permits. Mitigation plans in power generation are ambitious, but an early expansion of coal plants is set to dwarf projects on other sources of energy. Wider use of (ultra-) supercritical coal and IGCC technology is acknowledged as paramount. (37f) Solar co-generation is expected to make a significant contribution in heating and cooling applications, (22) and a recent draft for the National Solar Mission initiative foresees installing 20GW of solar electricity generation capacity by 2020, with early mandates for deployment to achieve scale and lower cost. (Government of India, 2009a: 5) Nuclear energy is projected to take off at large scale in the long-run, after ca. 2030. (38) India has pledged to expand forest cover from 23% of its area to 33%.
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