Rough estimates by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations show that one-third of the food produced world-wide is wasted along the supply chain . Apart from the moral issue of throwing away edible food items when people elsewhere are starving this is also associated with unnecessary use of natural resources and loss of monetary value added for every step in the food supply chain, waste is more costly as the chain progresses If food is wasted at the end of the supply chain, more sub-processes will have been in vain and the losses will therefore be larger than if the same food had been wasted at the beginning of the process
Supermarkets are located close to the end of the supply chain and collect large quantities of food in a limited number of physical locations. Therefore they are potentially good targets for waste-reducing measures, although they only contribute a small share of waste in comparison with other stages of the food supply chain. Recent studies of food wastage in supermarkets have mostly focused on describing the quantity of waste, its causes and how it could be given to charity in order to avoid wastage . One of the problems causing food wastage is short shelf life of perishable food items which makes forecasting and ordering more difficult since fluctuating demand has to be predicted. As lump in demand can cause a low sell rate or low turnover, which may result in higher percentage waste . Since turnover also has an influence on shelf life (the time between packaging and best-before date), it can influence percentage waste, as it determines the time available for supermarkets to sell the products. A possible cause of waste is when too many items of each product are ordered, so that not all can
be sold before the best-before date .Therefore the minimum order size may be important for the amount of waste. This minimum order size is often set by the wholesale pack size, i.e. the size of wholesale box in which products are packed for delivery to supermarkets. According to there is a greater risk of products being wasted when the turnover is low, the shelf-life short and the minimum order size large. However concluded that the influence of these three parameters is not equally strong and thus there is a need to establish their relative influence in order to adjust shelf life or minimum order size to compensate for lack of turnover and there by reduce food waste in supermarkets. According to shelf life is the parameter with the greatest influence over waste of individual articles and should therefore be targeted for the most efficient waste-reducing measures. This is in line with the suggestion by that minced meat products with low turnover could be sold frozen instead of chilled in order to reduce food waste.
Of the perishable foods wasted in supermarkets, bread and fresh fruit and vegetables are often described as the product groups with the greatest wasted mass . However, when the carbon footprint is considered, animal products such as meat, deli, dairy and cheese increase in importance and should be considered hotspots for waste-reducing measures. According to the wasted mass in relation to the sum of wasted mass and sold mass is 0.53–0.60%for cheese, 0.33–0.35% for dairy, 1.4–1.8% for deli and 1.2–1.5% for meat. The relative waste of cheese, dairy, deli and meat product scan therefore be considered low, reflecting measures that have already been taken. However, there is still room for improvement especially since found that all waste management options they investigated, including anaerobic digestion and donations, only marginally provided savings by reducing the carbon footprint of the food produced in vain.
To prolong the shelf life of perishable foodstuffs, traditional preservation methods such as drying, curing and pickling cannot be used, since they change the taste and texture of food so that it can no longer be categorised as fresh. Instead, other methods that preserve the freshness, e.g. including additives, improving packaging and lowering the storage temperature, can be used. In Sweden, a campaign with the message “reduced storage temperature (from 8◦Cto 4–5◦C) in the whole food supply chain” was launched in 2011 by the As a result, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) carried out an investigation to determine the possible consequences of reduced storage temperature .It was found that lower storage temperature was welcomed by a number of company representatives interviewed, but the costs of reducing storage temperature and the effect this measure could have on food waste were not determined.
Prolongation of shelf life could be achieved in several different ways. Since it is always the producers that set the dates based on their own standards, experience and tests it is a quite flexible system that can adapt to new circumstances e.g.lower storage temperature. The shelf life in Sweden is limited by either a best-before date t
Rough estimates by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations show that one-third of the food produced world-wide is wasted along the supply chain . Apart from the moral issue of throwing away edible food items when people elsewhere are starving this is also associated with unnecessary use of natural resources and loss of monetary value added for every step in the food supply chain, waste is more costly as the chain progresses If food is wasted at the end of the supply chain, more sub-processes will have been in vain and the losses will therefore be larger than if the same food had been wasted at the beginning of the processSupermarkets are located close to the end of the supply chain and collect large quantities of food in a limited number of physical locations. Therefore they are potentially good targets for waste-reducing measures, although they only contribute a small share of waste in comparison with other stages of the food supply chain. Recent studies of food wastage in supermarkets have mostly focused on describing the quantity of waste, its causes and how it could be given to charity in order to avoid wastage . One of the problems causing food wastage is short shelf life of perishable food items which makes forecasting and ordering more difficult since fluctuating demand has to be predicted. As lump in demand can cause a low sell rate or low turnover, which may result in higher percentage waste . Since turnover also has an influence on shelf life (the time between packaging and best-before date), it can influence percentage waste, as it determines the time available for supermarkets to sell the products. A possible cause of waste is when too many items of each product are ordered, so that not all can
be sold before the best-before date .Therefore the minimum order size may be important for the amount of waste. This minimum order size is often set by the wholesale pack size, i.e. the size of wholesale box in which products are packed for delivery to supermarkets. According to there is a greater risk of products being wasted when the turnover is low, the shelf-life short and the minimum order size large. However concluded that the influence of these three parameters is not equally strong and thus there is a need to establish their relative influence in order to adjust shelf life or minimum order size to compensate for lack of turnover and there by reduce food waste in supermarkets. According to shelf life is the parameter with the greatest influence over waste of individual articles and should therefore be targeted for the most efficient waste-reducing measures. This is in line with the suggestion by that minced meat products with low turnover could be sold frozen instead of chilled in order to reduce food waste.
Of the perishable foods wasted in supermarkets, bread and fresh fruit and vegetables are often described as the product groups with the greatest wasted mass . However, when the carbon footprint is considered, animal products such as meat, deli, dairy and cheese increase in importance and should be considered hotspots for waste-reducing measures. According to the wasted mass in relation to the sum of wasted mass and sold mass is 0.53–0.60%for cheese, 0.33–0.35% for dairy, 1.4–1.8% for deli and 1.2–1.5% for meat. The relative waste of cheese, dairy, deli and meat product scan therefore be considered low, reflecting measures that have already been taken. However, there is still room for improvement especially since found that all waste management options they investigated, including anaerobic digestion and donations, only marginally provided savings by reducing the carbon footprint of the food produced in vain.
To prolong the shelf life of perishable foodstuffs, traditional preservation methods such as drying, curing and pickling cannot be used, since they change the taste and texture of food so that it can no longer be categorised as fresh. Instead, other methods that preserve the freshness, e.g. including additives, improving packaging and lowering the storage temperature, can be used. In Sweden, a campaign with the message “reduced storage temperature (from 8◦Cto 4–5◦C) in the whole food supply chain” was launched in 2011 by the As a result, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) carried out an investigation to determine the possible consequences of reduced storage temperature .It was found that lower storage temperature was welcomed by a number of company representatives interviewed, but the costs of reducing storage temperature and the effect this measure could have on food waste were not determined.
Prolongation of shelf life could be achieved in several different ways. Since it is always the producers that set the dates based on their own standards, experience and tests it is a quite flexible system that can adapt to new circumstances e.g.lower storage temperature. The shelf life in Sweden is limited by either a best-before date t
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