What does it imply regarding the Weighted Average Cost of Capital
WACC? Simple. If the firm has a given cash flow, the present value of it
at WACC (the firm total value) does not change if the capital structure
changes. If this is true, it implies that the WACC will remain constant no
matter how the capital structure changes. This situation happens when
no taxes exist. To maintain the equality of the unlevered and levered
firms, the return to the equity holder (levered) must change with the
amount of leverage (assuming that the cost of debt is constant)
One of the major market imperfections are taxes. When corporate taxes
exist (and no personal taxes), the situation posited by MM is different.
They proposed that when taxes exist the total value of the firm does
change. This occurs because no matter how well managed is the firm, if
it pays taxes, there exists what economists call an externality. When the
firm deducts any expense, the government pays a subsidy for the
expense. It is reflected in less tax. In particular, this is true for interest
payments. The value of the subsidy (the tax saving) is TdD, where the
variables have been defined above.
Hence the value of the firm is increased by the present value of the tax
savings or tax shield.
What does it imply regarding the Weighted Average Cost of CapitalWACC? Simple. If the firm has a given cash flow, the present value of itat WACC (the firm total value) does not change if the capital structurechanges. If this is true, it implies that the WACC will remain constant nomatter how the capital structure changes. This situation happens whenno taxes exist. To maintain the equality of the unlevered and leveredfirms, the return to the equity holder (levered) must change with theamount of leverage (assuming that the cost of debt is constant)One of the major market imperfections are taxes. When corporate taxesexist (and no personal taxes), the situation posited by MM is different.They proposed that when taxes exist the total value of the firm doeschange. This occurs because no matter how well managed is the firm, ifit pays taxes, there exists what economists call an externality. When thefirm deducts any expense, the government pays a subsidy for theexpense. It is reflected in less tax. In particular, this is true for interestpayments. The value of the subsidy (the tax saving) is TdD, where thevariables have been defined above.Hence the value of the firm is increased by the present value of the taxsavings or tax shield.
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