3. Boundary and initial conditions The simulations were performed without the inclusion of abalone or marco-algae inside the container and fouling on the external structure. The CFD analysis was conducted for two cases, (Case 1) where the incoming flow acts perpendicular to the plates and (Case 2) where the direction of flow acts along 6 sheets of polyethylene plate (Fig. 4). The computational model domain size for each simulation was 20 m × 20 m × 10 m with boundary conditions described in Fig. 5. The coordinate system of the model domain was set with Z as the vertical direction (Fig. 6).