Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which aims to restore a
normal, functional intestinal microbiota from a healthy donor in
the RCDI patient, has recently received increasing attention in
clinical and research communities [24–27] and has also become a
popular subject of discussion in other media. First documented in
the fourth century in China and in 1958 in the U.S., FMT was
shown in a recent systematic review of 317 patients in 27 separate
studies to have an overall success rate of 92% [28]. The exact
mechanism of action responsible for the success of FMT to treat
RCDI remains unknown and there is no clinically validated set of
parameters to define a suitable donor or ideal donor microbiota,
although attempts in this direction have been made [29]. Shortand
long-term effects of FMT on the recipient microbiota remain
a concern, especially in light of the growing body of literature that
implicates the gastrointestinal microbiota in a large number of
diseases [30]. For the same reason, there is significant clinical
interest in therapeutic options to target the microbiota to treat
microbiota-associated health problems besides RCDI. As a result,
attempts to treat IBD [31–33], metabolic syndrome [34] and other
diseases [35,36] by FMT have been made.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which aims to restore a
normal, functional intestinal microbiota from a healthy donor in
the RCDI patient, has recently received increasing attention in
clinical and research communities [24–27] and has also become a
popular subject of discussion in other media. First documented in
the fourth century in China and in 1958 in the U.S., FMT was
shown in a recent systematic review of 317 patients in 27 separate
studies to have an overall success rate of 92% [28]. The exact
mechanism of action responsible for the success of FMT to treat
RCDI remains unknown and there is no clinically validated set of
parameters to define a suitable donor or ideal donor microbiota,
although attempts in this direction have been made [29]. Shortand
long-term effects of FMT on the recipient microbiota remain
a concern, especially in light of the growing body of literature that
implicates the gastrointestinal microbiota in a large number of
diseases [30]. For the same reason, there is significant clinical
interest in therapeutic options to target the microbiota to treat
microbiota-associated health problems besides RCDI. As a result,
attempts to treat IBD [31–33], metabolic syndrome [34] and other
diseases [35,36] by FMT have been made.
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