Herbert Simon's Administrative Behavior, first published in 1947, marked the beginning of a critical new movement or direction in the field of public administration, particularly from the standpoint of study or theory. As a direct attack against the orthodox theorists, Simon offered, among other concepts, a fact/value dichotomy. Many interpreted his conceptualization of a fact/value dichotomy as a direct analogue to the politics/administration dichotomy advanced by Wilson. And many, including Waldo, viewed Simon's classification as a call for the adoption of scientific"principles" that could be used for the study of public administration.