Human capital is a fundamental element of the broader set of intellectual or intangible capital. Therefore, problems associated with the measurement, management and reporting of intangible assets and/or goodwill characterize this asset (e.g., Lev, 2004; Chauvin and Hirschey, 1994). Furthermore, controversies regarding how to account for human capital assets and related issues
(e.g., expensing versus capitalizing), recognition versus disclosure, and amortization are still being debated in the accounting academic and regulatory circles and remain largely unresolved (e.g., Aboody et al., 2004; AICPA, 1994).