Table 2 provides the intragroup results of all the primary and secondary outcomes reported in
the included studies. All three studies show statistically significant intragroup improvements
for pain and anxiety and distress descriptors (Table 2). Table 3 and Figs 1–3 provide the comparison
between the intervention and control groups for pain and anxiety and distress
descriptors.
Pain scores (Fig 1) demonstrated significant heterogeneity (Chi2 22.11, I2 = 91%,
(P