At any point of time, a power system operating condition should be stable, meeting various operational
criteria, and it should also be secure in the event of any credible contingency. Present day power
systems are being operated closer to their stability limits due to economic and environmental
constraints. Maintaining a stable and secure operation of a power system is therefore a very important
and challenging issue. Voltage instability has been given much attention by power system researchers
and planners in recent years, and is being regarded as one of the major sources of power system
insecurity. Voltage instability phenomena are the ones in which the receiving end voltage decreases well
below its normal value and does not come back even after setting restoring mechanisms such as VAR
compensators, or continues to oscillate for lack of damping against the disturbances. Voltage collapse is
the process by which the voltage falls to a low, unacceptable value as a result of an avalanche of events
accompanying voltage instability [1]. Once associated with weak systems and long lines, voltage
problems are now also a source of concern in highly developed networks as a result of heavier loading.
The main factors causing voltage instability in a power system are now well explored and
understood [1-13]. A brief introduction to the basic concepts of voltage stability and some of the
conventional methods of voltage stability analysis are presented in this chapter. Simulation results on
test power systems are presented to illustrate the problem of voltage stability and the conventional
methods to analyze the problem. Limitations of conventional methods of voltage stability analysis are
pointed out and the scope of the use of Artificial Neural Networks as a better alternative is discussed.
At any point of time, a power system operating condition should be stable, meeting various operationalcriteria, and it should also be secure in the event of any credible contingency. Present day powersystems are being operated closer to their stability limits due to economic and environmentalconstraints. Maintaining a stable and secure operation of a power system is therefore a very importantand challenging issue. Voltage instability has been given much attention by power system researchersand planners in recent years, and is being regarded as one of the major sources of power systeminsecurity. Voltage instability phenomena are the ones in which the receiving end voltage decreases wellbelow its normal value and does not come back even after setting restoring mechanisms such as VARcompensators, or continues to oscillate for lack of damping against the disturbances. Voltage collapse isthe process by which the voltage falls to a low, unacceptable value as a result of an avalanche of eventsaccompanying voltage instability [1]. Once associated with weak systems and long lines, voltageproblems are now also a source of concern in highly developed networks as a result of heavier loading. The main factors causing voltage instability in a power system are now well explored andunderstood [1-13]. A brief introduction to the basic concepts of voltage stability and some of theconventional methods of voltage stability analysis are presented in this chapter. Simulation results ontest power systems are presented to illustrate the problem of voltage stability and the conventionalmethods to analyze the problem. Limitations of conventional methods of voltage stability analysis arepointed out and the scope of the use of Artificial Neural Networks as a better alternative is discussed.
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