Findings from Experiment 1 provide evidence for two possible alternative cognitive processes that
might explain the observed latency differences. One possibility is that infants do not perceive the social
interaction but rather react to the give-me gesture as a more likely place to put an object given that the
palm-up hand shape has a higher affordance. According to this interpretation, infants might match the
transferred object to the form of the give-me gesture due to its shape, resulting in earlier gaze arrival
times in the upright ‘‘matching’’ condition compared with the inverted ‘‘non-matching’’ condition.However,
the findings from Experiment 2 argue against this possibility, showing that latencies of goaldirected
gaze shifts observed in Experiment 1 were not driven by different affordances of the two goals
because affordances did not influence goal-directed gaze shifts when the action was directed to objects.