Therefore, we explain the results
as follows: PNA
NFκb‑flu
-loaded MPOC
membrane and a majority of PNA
NFκb‑flu
entered the cells by endocytosis. The MPOC
Cou
bound the cell
-loaded MPOC
inside the
endosomes continued the pore generation process and finally
could successfully induce pores on the compartments, resulting
the leakage of PNA
NFκb‑flu
and MPOC
Cou
cou
from the endosomes
into the cytoplasm observable at approximately 90 min
postincubation (Figure 5 rows 4 and 5, Supporting Information
Video). Some PNA
NFκb‑flu
and MPOC
might leak into the
cells via transient pores on the cell membrane, but it is very
minor compared to those that entered via the endosomes. The
increase in acidity of the endosomes during their maturation
should also increase the phospholipid adsorption capacity of
MPOCs and might contribute to a more efficient induction of
endosome leakage. It should be noted here that the time
required for MPOCs to generate pores in the real cells was
significantly longer than in the liposomes (endosome leakage
was observed at approximately 90 min postincubation, whereas
liposome penetration was observed at 15−30 min postincubation).
The different lipid bilayer membrane composition
between liposomes and cells is likely one of many factors
contribute to this discrepancy.