The influence of Polybius can also be observed in the way the
Roman constitution was represented in the republican tradition,
particularly among the political writers of the Italian Renaissance. It
is striking, for example, how Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy, the
work that did so much to revive interest in the Roman republic,
echoes the Polybian interpretation of the stability of Rome almost
word for word.7 For Machiavelli, as for Polybius, the success of the
most illustrious republic owed much to the fact that it was a mixed
constitution. The notion of mixed government has largely been
forgotten, yet it played a major part in the formation of Western
political thought. It was in opposition to it that Bodin and Hobbes
developed the modern theory of indivisible sovereignty.8 In any
case, it is surely not without significance that, in terms of constitutional
theory, the Roman constitution passed into history under the
heading of mixed government or mixed republic rather than under
that of democracy.
The influence of Polybius can also be observed in the way the
Roman constitution was represented in the republican tradition,
particularly among the political writers of the Italian Renaissance. It
is striking, for example, how Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy, the
work that did so much to revive interest in the Roman republic,
echoes the Polybian interpretation of the stability of Rome almost
word for word.7 For Machiavelli, as for Polybius, the success of the
most illustrious republic owed much to the fact that it was a mixed
constitution. The notion of mixed government has largely been
forgotten, yet it played a major part in the formation of Western
political thought. It was in opposition to it that Bodin and Hobbes
developed the modern theory of indivisible sovereignty.8 In any
case, it is surely not without significance that, in terms of constitutional
theory, the Roman constitution passed into history under the
heading of mixed government or mixed republic rather than under
that of democracy.
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