2.2.1. Knowledge prompts
As defined by Bloom and Krathwohl (1956), the cognitive domain involves knowledge and the development of intellectual
skills. Clark and Chopeta (2008) further identified that the cognitive domain should include facts, concepts, and processes.
Facts refer to specific and unique data or instance. Concepts refer to a class of items, words, or ideas that are known by a
common name including multiple specific examples. Processes refer to the flow of events or activities that describe how
things work rather than how to do things. The design rationale for the knowledge prompts was to guide the learning to reflect
the facts, concepts, and processes that the students could learn within the GBL environment. Prompts were a series of stepby-step
actions and decisions that resulted in the achievement of a task.