An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the different aspects in relation to nationality (see Table 6).
Significant differences in the mean surface learning, mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and self-efficacy scores between German and Dutch students were reported. At time point B, Dutch students scored higher on surface learning (M = 3.06) and at time point C on self-efficacy (M = 3.53). German students scored significantly higher on