Integrated membrane
systems (IMSs) have been growing in wastewater treatment plants
(WWTP) with the purpose of high quality water production for reuse
applications such as boiler feed, irrigation, or indirect potable water
[8–11]. However, the economy of IMS has always been the subject of
debate in comparison with conventional wastewater treatment
methods. With the increase of IMS-based WWTPs all over the world,
the economy and expenses involved in the construction, operation