Limitations
The actual number of participants proved a limitation to the results of the study. With a
sample size of 18, the results might not be an accurate representation of the population of all
second grade students. The students included in the study were from a middle- to upper-class
school district in northwestern Ohio. Due to the location, the classroom of students was
composed of little to no ethnic diversity. Because of this, once again, the results of this study
may not be an accurate representation of all second grade students.
A final limitation of the study was the level of the book chosen. The text used on both
paper and the iPad was a second grade level text. Due to the distinct different needs of all
children, this could possibly alter the results. If the proper resources were available, each student
would read a book at his/her independent level. The creation of the electronic book is a fairly
recent occurrence. Because of this, there are a limited number of books available for purchase
for the students to read—this places a constraint of the reading material. The student results are
directly comparable as they will be reading an identical text on both the iPad and paper, but
unfortunately the text was not necessarily at an appropriate level for the student.